Four Types of Challenging Behaviour

Challenging behaviour refers to actions that can put an individual or those around them at risk. These behaviours often reflect underlying needs or difficulties with communication. Understanding the different types can help carers, teachers, and healthcare professionals respond with empathy and support.

Physical Aggression

Physical aggression includes behaviours like hitting, kicking, pinching or throwing objects. These actions are not always intended to harm others, but are often a response to intense emotions such as fear, stress or confusion. In some cases, the behaviour may occur suddenly and without warning, especially when the individual experiences a situation they find overwhelming or threatening.

People with learning disabilities, autism, or sensory processing difficulties may struggle to communicate their needs verbally.

Verbal Aggression

Verbal aggression can take the form of shouting, swearing, name-calling or making threats. It may arise when someone feels they are not being heard, understood, or treated fairly. Often, the behaviour is not personal, but reflects internal struggles the individual finds difficult to manage.

Although verbal aggression can be upsetting, it is important to look beyond the words and consider what might be triggering the reaction. Access to mental health training courses Blackpool, from www.tidaltraining.co.uk/mental-health-training-courses/blackpool/ for example, can help carers and professionals respond more effectively to these behaviours.

Self-Injurious Behaviour

Self-injurious behaviour includes actions such as head-banging, biting, or scratching oneself. These behaviours may be used to communicate distress, gain attention, or cope with overwhelming emotions.

For some individuals, self-harm offers a sense of relief or control when everything else feels unmanageable.

Disruptive Behaviour

Disruptive behaviour typically appears in structured settings and may involve refusing to follow instructions, interrupting others, or causing repeated distractions. This type of behaviour is often seen in schools or group environments, where routines and social rules may feel restrictive or confusing.

Rather than being deliberately defiant, the behaviour often stems from internal discomfort. Factors such as sensory overload, anxiety, or a lack of choice can all contribute. The Autism Service explains what sensory overload is.

Recognising the reasons behind challenging behaviour is the first step towards offering meaningful and supportive care.